فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 43 (تابستان 1400)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based psychotherapy on quit self-efficacy and treatment motivation in substance abusers. The research method was experimental and with pre-test design, post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients in Talesh addiction treatment center who were treated in the second half of 2018. From among the above statistical population,30 people were selected by availabel sampling method with diagnosis of opioid dependence (based on DSM-V diagnostic criteria) who completed the detoxification stage and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The control group was assigned. The tools used in this study were Miller and Tonigan's Motivation Therapy Questionnaire and the Bramson quit Self-efficacy Questionnaire. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting for pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the treatment motivation variable, as well as the significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the quit self-efficacy variable. There were cracks. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment based psychotherapy have a significant effect on motivation for treatment and self efficacy of drug-dependent patients. According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that acceptance and commitment based psychotherapy have increased motivation for treatment and quit self-efficacy in substance abusers, so it is important for specialists active in psychological treatment of addiction and abandonment centers. Addiction is suggested to be used in this training protocol to increase treatment motivation and self-efficacy of quitting subjects.

Type D personality is characterized by vulnerability to disease and includes two dimensions of negative affect and social inhibition. Recent studies have focused on the role of type D personality in physical and psychological consequences. So the aim of present study was to predict mental disorders based on type D personality. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of Persian Gulf University of Bushehr, from which a sample of 200 people was selected by sampling method available. The type D personality questionnaire (DS-14) and a checklist of symptoms of mental disorders (SCL-90-R) were used. The results showed that the average of type D didn’t differ between two sexes, different educational levels and physically and non-physically ill patients, but it was different in different marital statuses. There was no difference in the mean of mental disorders between two sexes and between patients and non-patients, but there was a difference between different educational levels and different marital status. The relationship between type D and its two dimensions with the overall score of mental disorders and its 9 dimensions was positively significant. type D personality is able to explain 39% of the variance of mental disorders and the negative affect dimension is able to explain 42% of the variance of mental disorders. Due to the predictive power of type D personality in causing mental disorders, it seems that manipulating type D in college students can reduce the psychological problems in these individuals.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the dimensions of hardiness in children with cancer.

The present study was an experimental type with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of mothers of children with cancer who were hospitalized in Besat Hospital in May and June 2009, and 43 people announced their readiness to participate in the study. Finally, according to the criteria of entry and exit and drop of the subject, 28 people were selected as a sample and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups, and then after the pre-test; The 8-session Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program was implemented on the experimental group and performed on the experimental and control groups using the kobasa Hardiness Questionnaire after completing the post-test training course. after completing the training, due to the observance of ethical standards, the control group was also trained. Data were tested using covariance statistical analysis.

The results of the study indicated that the mindfulness-based stress reduction program increases the overall score of hardiness in mothers of children with cancer (p = 0.020, F = 17.6). Also, a significant effect was observed on the dimensions of challenge and commitment, but no significant effect was found on the control dimension.

In this study, mindfulness-based stress reduction program increased the scales of challenge and control scores in mothers of children with cancer by impressing the hardiness mechanism. Therefore, the program can be performed on mothers during their children's hospital stay to make it easier for them to tolerance their child's illness.

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common disorders in children and those with it have deficits in executive functions and concentration and learning. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parenting model based on executive function theory and Barkley’s program on executive functions and learning behaviors of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental designs with pretest-posttest and two-month follow-up. A sample of 45 mothers with children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in Isfahan in spring and summer of 2018 was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in three groups (two experimental and one control group) and each group 15 persons were assigned. The College Neuropsychological Test (2002) and the Learning Behaviors Scale (2000) at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up were used to measure the dependent variables. The first experimental group underwent 12 sessions of parenting model based on performance theory and the second experimental group underwent 8 sessions of Barkley’s program and the control node received no treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS software. Parenting model based on theories of executive functions and Barkley’s program have positive effects on executive functions and learning behaviors of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (p<0.05). That is, parenting paradigms based on theories of executive functions and the Barkley’s program have significantly improved executive functions and learning behaviors of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, the parenting model based on theories of executive functions and the Barclays program are applicable to improve the executive functions and learning behaviors of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder along with other effective treatments.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Emotion Focused Therapy on parental self-efficiency and feeling of guilt in mothers of children with burn injuries. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with children with burns referred to Tehran Trauma and Burn Hospital (Shahid Motahari) in the fall of 1398. Thirty of these mothers who had lower scores in the Parenting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Dumka et al. (1996) and Eisenhower Feelings (2007) were selected as the research sample and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent Emotion Focused Therapy for 10 sessions per week (Greenberg, 1986). The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the self-efficacy variable despite its increase in the experimental group. However, emotion-based treatment was significantly effective in reducing the guilt of mothers of children with burn injuries (P <0.05). The results of this study showed that emotion therapy can be used to reduce guilt and negative emotions of mothers with children with burn injuries.

Mindfulness-based interventions are recognized as one of the third wave cognitive-behavioral therapies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on increase mindfulness skills and cognitive abilities of blind and visually impaired athletes. The research method was quasi-experimental and its design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all goalball players in East Azerbaijan province in 2019, from which 27 players were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group underwent mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for 8 sessions of 120 minutes per week. Before and after the intervention, mindfulness inventory for sport and cognitive abilities questionnaires were completed. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results showed that the mean scores related to mindfulness skills and cognitive abilities in the participants of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group in the post-test stage. According to the results, it seems that MBSR is effective in improving the mindfulness skills and cognitive abilities of blind and visually impaired athletes. Therefore, it is recommended as a behavioral-cognitive intervention to improve the cognition and mindfulness of these athletes.